Introduction

Welcome

Types of DM - Type1

type 1

Types of DM - Type 2

types 2

Epidemiology - Malaysia

DM in Malaysia;

If estimating the population of Malaysia in 1996 to be approximately 21 million, the total number of diabetic sufferers would approximately be 1.7 million. With further industrialization plus modernization, the number of people affected by diabetes may double by 2010. According to the Second National Health and Morbidity survey it is estimated that 3.4 million Malaysians are diabetes sufferers in 2010.
 

Results of the two latest National Health and Morbidity Surveys showed a dramatic increase in the prevalence of diabetes from 8.3% in 1996 to 14.9% in 2006 for Malaysian adults aged 30 years and above - an increase of 80% over a period of just 10 years.

 Prevalence based on geographic in Malaysia:

( by Dr Rugayah Bakri, 2007)

Highest diabetes in developed states:

	States	Percent of diabetes
1	Selangor	7.3% (6.1 - 8.4%)
2	Penang	7.3% (5.3 - 9.4%).
undiagnose
1	Negeri Sembilan	4. 1% (2.8 - 5.401%),
2	Penang	3, 5% (2.4 - 4.5%)
3	Melaka	1% (1.9% - 4.2%).

Highest prevalence Among IGT

	States	Percentage of diabetes
1	Melaka	6.6% (4.6 - 8.6%),
2	Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur	5.3% (3.8-6.9%)
3	Johor	5.4% (4.1%-6.7%)

DM based on area:

The urban areas recorded significantly higher prevalence from the rural areas. As many literature documented, the prevalence increased with age for all the 3 categories of diabetes.

DM based on ethnic:

Higher

Indians (11.5%, 9.7% - 13.2%) was significantly higher than other races.

the migrant Asian Indians

low

Other bumiputera

populations whose lifestyles remained close to their traditional lifestyle.

IGT

Chinese recorded high prevalence namely 6.5% (5.1% - 7.9%).

Prevalence of diabetes decreased with education level:

	Known diabetes	undiagnosed
unemployed	12.8% (11.2% - 14.5%)	3.6% (2.8% - 4.5%)
pensioners	12%	4%
service sector	5.1% (3.8% - 6.3%)	-
sales sectors	-	(2.3% - 4.3%),

Similarly, no significant differences were found in gender and income for known and undiagnosed diabetes, Although many prevalence studies showed high prevalence of NIDDM in females than males, analysis on many incidence studies in US by Nelson R.G. and Everhart J. E. showed no evidence of gender influence on risks for NIDDM.

Epidemiology - others country

Epidemiology of DM in Global:

The World Health Organization (WHO) published estimates for the years 2000 and 2030, using data from 40 countries but extrapolated to the 191 WHO member states that the prevalence of diabetes for all age-groups worldwide was estimated.
	2000	2030
percentage	2.8%	4.4%
total number of people	171 million	366 million

List of countries with highest number estimated cases of diabetes for 2000 and 2030.

2010		2030
Country	People with diabetes (millions)	Country	People with diabetes (millions)
India	31.7	India	79.4
China	20.8	China	42.3
U.S	17.7	U.S	30.3
Indonesia	8.4	Indonesia	21.3
Japan	6.8	Pakistan	13.9
Pakistan	5.2	Brazil	11.3
Russian Federation	4.6	Bangladesh	11.1
Brazil	4.6	Japan	8.9
Italy	4.3	Philippines	7.8
Bangladesh	3.2	Egypt	6.7

 (Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. 2004)

Global diabetes prevalence by age and sex for 2011

 ada pcture!!!

Epidemiology related to gender:

	2011	2030
Male	185 million men	decrease two million with 277 million men
female	181 million women	275 million women

Estimated number of adults with diabetes by age-group, year and countries for the developed, developing and world categories for the world.

ada picturee!!!

Epidemiology with urban/rural distribution:

Urban	172 million
rural	119 million

 Estimated relative risks for all-cause mortality ranged:

men	1 (for the oldest age-group, ≥80 years of age)	4.1 (for 20–39 years of age)
women	1 (for ≥80 years of age)	6.7 (for 20–39 years of age)

Pathophysiology - type 2

Symptoms

The symptoms of diabetes do vary from person to person which can be identified with good knowledge of symptoms of blood sugar. There is a statistical report to focus United States alone to suffer with more than 15 million persons with adult onset diabetes. About 25% of the patients don’t have the awareness of the attack of this disease.